Resumen Antecedentes: Se han implementado distintas estrategias de contención desde el inicio de la pandemia de COVID-19. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de medidas de seguridad en la tasa de infecciones durante un encuentro académico. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se utilizó una encuesta y los datos se analizaron posteriormente. Resultados: Cincuenta y ocho (edad media 34, 67% hombres) participantes completaron la encuesta; 34 (57%) eran personal médico, 8 (14%) trabajadores de industria farmacéutica, 14 (24%) trabajadores del hotel y 2 (4%) acompañantes. Posterior al encuentro 6 personas refirieron sintomatología, únicamente 1 (2%) reportó prueba positiva para SARS-CoV-2, refiriendo el uso continuo de cubrebocas de tipo KN-95 durante el evento. No se documentaron otros casos. Conclusiones: La implementación de medidas de seguridad en la reunión redujo el riesgo de contagio entre participantes; este evento podría ser usado como referencia en reuniones presenciales de tipo académicas aún en la era post-pandemia.

Abstract Background: Contention strategies have been implemented since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To evaluate the impact of safety measures and infection rate during an academic meeting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. A survey was used and data analysis performed afterwards. Results: Fifty-eight (mean age 34, 67% males) attendees were included; 34 were medical professionals (57%), 8 (14%) worked for the pharmaceutical industry, 14 (24%) were hotel staff and 2 (4%) were accompanying relatives. Following the meeting, out of a total of 6 attendees who referred symptoms, only 1 (2%) tested positive, this participant stated to have maintained the use of a KN-95 mask throughout the event, with no further spreading reported until today. Conclusions: The implementation of safety measures in the meeting reduced the risk of contagion among participants. This event might be used as an important reference for future “in-person” academic activities in the post-pandemic era.

Abstract Background: The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the first option as vascular access for patients with end-stage renal disease. The main cause of failure is stenosis of the venous portion of the AVF secondary to intimal hyperplasia. Material and methods: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative expression of miR-145, miR-146, and miR-155. We used an experimental model of intimal hyperplasia creating an AVF. We included six Wistar Rats. The analysis and validation of miR-145, miR-146, and miR-155 was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: There is a down-regulation of miR-145 in the vein (0.233 ± 0.3, p = 0.0030) and artery (0.33 ± 0.4, p = 0.0630), compared to the control. Likewise, we found upregulation of miR-146 in the vein (29 ± 0.25, p = 0.0256) and artery (34.66 ± 0.35, p = 0.0345) compared to the control and upregulation of miR-155 in the vein (20 ± 0.39, p = 0.0231) and artery (22.66 ± 0.49, p = 0.0234) compared to the control. Conclusions: We found alterations in the expression of miR-145, miR-146, and miR-155 comparing the fistula versus control, both in the arterial and venous portions in an experimental model of AVF.

Resumen Antecedentes: La fístula arteriovenosa es la primera opción como acceso vascular para pacientes con enfermedad renal terminal. La principal causa de fracaso es la estenosis de la porción venosa de la fístula secundaria a hiperplasia intimal. Material y métodos: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la expresión relativa de miR-145, miR-146 y miR-155. Utilizamos un modelo experimental de hiperplasia intimal realizando una fístula arteriovenosa. Incluimos 6 ratas Wistar. El análisis y validación de miR-145, miR-146 y miR-155 se realizó mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real. Resultados: Hay una regulación a la baja de miR-145 en la vena (0.233 ± 0.3, p = 0.0030) y arteria (0.33 ± 0.4, p = 0.0630), en comparación con el control. Asimismo, encontramos regulación positiva de miR-146 en vena (29 ± 0.25, p = 0.0256) y arteria (34.66 ± 0.35, p = 0.0345) en comparación con el control y regulación positiva de miR-155 en vena (20 ± 0.39, p = 0.0231) y arteria (22.66 ± 0.49, p = 0.0234) en comparación con el control. Conclusiones: Encontramos alteraciones en la expresión de miR-145, miR-146 y miR-155 comparando la fístula vs. control, tanto en la porción arterial como venosa en un modelo experimental de fistula.

Abstract Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been many reports regarding venous and arterial thrombotic complications in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, however the exact mechanisms for patients with COVID-19 to develop hypercoagulability states are still unknown. Prophylactic anticoagulation is considered a fundamental strategy to avoid the aforementioned complications. The objective of the present review is to guide the treatment of thromboembolic venous disease in hospitalized patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The present article aims to review on specific recommendations of thromboembolic prophylaxis for the treatment of venous thrombotic disease in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Hence, we differentiate between critically and non-critically ill patients as well as the duration of treatment and the recommended strategies when discharging these patients. There is still uncertainty regarding treatment options for the aforementioned complications, until an effective strategy is found, international recommendations are our best option to follow.

Resumen Desde el inicio de la llamada pandemia por el síndrome respiratorio agudo severo por coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) se han publicado numerosos reportes de complicaciones tromboembólicas tanto venosas como arteriales en pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Todavía no se conocen con exactitud los mecanismos a través de los cuales los pacientes desarrollan un estado de hipercoagulabilidad, inclusive con mayor frecuencia que pacientes en las unidades de cuidados intensivos con otro tipo de padecimientos. Una de las estrategias fundamentales para evitar complicaciones en estos pacientes es la profilaxis o tratamiento anticoagulante. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación consiste en orientar en el tratamiento de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en pacientes con COVID-19 hospitalizados. El presente artículo presenta una revisión de los artículos más destacados con recomendaciones específicas tanto para la profilaxis como para el tratamiento de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en pacientes con COVID-19, tanto hospitalizados graves como no graves, duración del tratamiento y esquema de medicamentos al egreso hospitalario. Las estrategias de tratamiento para estas complicaciones son aún inciertas, y hasta que no se encuentre una estrategia efectiva para evitarlas, las recomendaciones internacionales son nuestra mejor opción.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Schwannomas are nerve sheath neoplasms arising from nerve cells. It is primarily a benign tumor and rarely found in the pelvis with only 63 cases reported up to the year 2016. CLINICAL CASE: A 48-year-old woman presented to her family physician referring chronic pelvic pain in addition to abnormal menstrual bleeding, she was then referred at our institution with the diagnosis impression of right adnexal mass vs ovarian carcinoma. A surgical intervention was performed the day after her admission and the diagnosis of benign schwannoma was made after total excision and histopathological analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic schwannomas are exceptional neoplasms that usually cause nonspecific clinical manifestations. Pre-surgical cabinet studies are not very effective; however, laparotomy is a method that has shown high sensitivity, which is why it is considered the method of choice for the diagnosis and treatment (total resection) of this type of tumor.

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: Los schwannomas son neoplasias que se originan en la vaina de mielina de las células nerviosas. Son tumores predominantemente benignos y poco frecuentes en la pelvis. Hasta el 2016 se habían reportado 63 casos en la bibliografía. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 48 años, que inició con dolor pélvico, que evolucionó a la cronicidad, de intensidad creciente, concomitante con sangrado uterino anormal, motivo por el que acudió a consulta. El ultrasonido reportó una masa anexial derecha, sugerente de carcinoma de ovario. El tratamiento consistió en resección quirúrgica. El estudio histopatológico informó un schwannoma benigno. La evolución de la paciente fue satisfactoria y su pronóstico favorable. CONCLUSIONES: Los schwannomas pélvicos son neoplasias excepcionales que suelen provocar manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas. Los estudios prequirúrgicos de gabinete son poco efectivos; sin embargo, la laparotomía es un método que ha demostrado alta sensibilidad, por lo que se considera el método de elección para el diagnóstico y tratamiento (resección total) de este tipo de tumores.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Influenza season is expected between October and February in the northern hemisphere, including Mexico. Previous studies suggested that transmission peak may occur earlier in Yucatan, a state in southeast Mexico. Objectives: (a) Describe the seasonality of 2018 influenza cases seen at O´Horan hospital, statewide, and nationwide; (b) analyze the characteristics, clinical manifestations and outcomes of ambulatory and hospitalized patients; (c) analyze fatal outcomes occurrence among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Methods: Retrospective analytic cohort of all confirmed influenza cases assisted at O´Horan hospital during 2018, along with a chronologic graphic description of the statewide epidemic curve from the epidemiological surveillance registries. Results: A total of 264 influenza cases were analyzed; 145 (55%) were female; 26% were vaccinated. Health workers and unvaccinated individuals were more prone to develop severe cases. Dyspnea and tachypnea were strong predictors of hospitalization; headache, myalgias, arthralgias and rhinorrhea correlated inversely. 236 (89.47%) cases occurred in July and 22 of the 23 deaths occurred before October. No fatal outcomes were observed among vaccinated individuals. Influenza AH1N1 represented 83.6% of serotyped cases. Discussion: Onset of influenza season in Yucatan may reflect a need for rethinking timing of vaccination and of preventive campaigns, as most cases occurred before vaccination period.